Digital poverty, also known as the digital divide, is socio-economic inequality and the lack of access to digital technologies and the internet that exists within a society or among different populations.
Digital poverty encompasses various aspects related to the disparities in access, skills, and utilization of digital resources.
More than a quarter of a century after the launch of the World Wide Web, many people in Wales are still excluded from digital services. They still lack the equipment, connectivity, motivation, and digital skills needed to make full and confident use of the online services and other opportunities offered by the internet. The level of digital exclusion in Wales is higher than in the UK, with as many as 7% of the population, or 180,000 people, not using the internet according to the National Survey for Wales 2021/22 and the National Survey for Wales 2022/23.
The digital divide between Wales and the rest of the UK continues to narrow. However, significant disparities still exist between levels of broadband access both within Wales, and between Wales and the UK, challenging policy-makers to act now to prevent further exclusion.
How does one close the gap?
Many individuals and communities, particularly in rural or economically disadvantaged areas, lack access to reliable and affordable high-speed internet connections. This lack of connectivity hinders their ability to access online education, job opportunities, government services, and information.
Some people cannot afford the necessary hardware, such as computers, laptops, tablets, or smartphones, required to access the internet and digital resources. Without these devices, individuals are unable to participate in online activities and learning.
Digital poverty can also manifest as a lack of digital literacy or the skills needed to effectively use digital technologies. This includes understanding how to use computers, navigate the internet, and utilize software and online tools. Those who are digitally illiterate face barriers in terms of education, employment, and participation in the digital economy.
As education increasingly relies on digital platforms and online resources, students without access to these tools may struggle to keep up with their peers. This can exacerbate educational inequalities, as students from disadvantaged backgrounds may have limited access to online learning materials and opportunities for remote education.
Digital poverty is often intertwined with economic disparities. Lower-income individuals and families may prioritize basic needs over technology expenses, leaving them at a disadvantage in terms of digital access and participation in the modern digital society.
The digital divide can affect healthcare access as well, especially as telemedicine and online health information become more prevalent. People without digital access may struggle to schedule appointments, access medical information, or receive remote healthcare services.
Lack of internet access and digital skills can lead to social isolation, particularly among older adults who may be unable to connect with friends and family through digital platforms. This isolation can have negative impacts on mental health and well-being.
In a world where many jobs require digital skills, those who lack access to digital tools and the internet may face limited employment opportunities or lower-paying jobs, perpetuating the cycle of poverty.
Efforts to address digital poverty often involve initiatives to expand internet infrastructure, subsidize internet access for low-income individuals and families, provide digital literacy training, and ensure that digital resources are accessible to all. Bridging the digital divide is essential to promote equity, social inclusion, and economic opportunities in the digital age.
Digital Communities Wales: Digital Confidence, Health and Well-being works with organisations to help take practical action to support digital inclusion locally. Contact them to find out how you and they can help.